درباره وبلاگ این وبسایت در تاریخ 17/3/1387 تاسیس شده است. موضوعات این وبلاگ عبارتند از تاريخ افغانستان.ورزش افغانستان جغرافياي افغانستان.آب وهواي افغانستان.توضیح کامل درباره ی قوم های افغانستان. آثارباستاني افغانستان اقتصاد افغانستان.عكس هاي از افغانستان وديگرمناطق آن دانلود جديدترين آهنگ هاي افغاني وغيره........ موضوعات
.::: وبسایت تخصصي افغانستان:::. موضوعات این وبسایت تاریخ.قرهنگ.جغرافیا.اقوام افغانستان وتمام مسائل مربوط به افغانستان هست. 17 اسفند 1388برچسب:, :: 9:45 :: نويسنده : مصطفی سعیدی
به قول مورخ یونانی هرودت، اسکندر مقدونی در ۳۳۰ قبل از میلاد، آرتاکوانا٬ مرکز ساتراپی هریوه را گشود. سپاهیان اسکندر شهر را ویران و باشندگان آن را بقتل رسانیدند. اسكندر سپس شهرى به نام «اسكندریه آرهایا» (Alexandria Areia) در كنار هریرود بنا كرد و جمعيت و آبادى آرتاکوآنا را بدين شهر كه شايد هرات امروزين باشد تحويل كرد. هرات در زمان ساسانیان در سنگنبشتهای در کعبه زردشت واقع در نقش رستم بنام هریو یاد شده است. در دورهٔ ساسانی از مراکز مهم نظامی و منطقه مرزی در مقابله با هیاطله بوده است. پیش از حملهٔ اعراب مسلمان به ایران دارای اقلیت مسیحی نستوری بود. در سال ۳۱ ه.ق. (حدود ۶۵۰ م.) یا کمی پس از آن به دست اعراب مسلمان فتح شد. در دورهٔ اعراب، يعنى در قرون وسطی، هرات همراه با نیشابور، مرو و بلخ یکی از چهار قسمت (چهار ربع) ایالت خراسان بود و هم مرکزی برای مسيحيت تحت نفوذ کليسای نستوری و هم پايگاه مهم تصوف، يعنی نظريه زاهدانه اسلام به شمار میرفت. افرادی از پیروان «نقشبندیه» و «چشتیه»، انجمنهای اخوت صوفيه به مقامات وزارت و صدارت عظمی رسيده اند. هرات مثل اکثريت مناطق ديگر خراسان با هجوم مغول در ۱۲۲۲ م. از بنياد ويران شد و بیش از نیمی از اهالی بومی آن قتل عام و يا آواره شدند. هرات بین سالهای ۶۴۳ تا ۷۸۴ ه.ق. پایتخت سلسلهٔ آل کرت بود. تیمور لنگ در سال ۷۸۴ هرات را گشود و آل کرت را نابود ساخت. در جریان این حمله هرات بار دیگر ويران و هزاران نفر کشته شدند. شاهرخ فرزند تیمور و همسرش گوهرشاد پایتخت تیموریان را در سال ۱۴۰۱ م از سمرقند به هرات منتقل کردند. در ۱۵۰۶ شیبانیان آسیای مرکزی بر شمال افغانستان و هرات مسلط شدند. اندکی بعد هرات در تحت کنترل صفويان ايران قرار گرفت. در دوران صفوی هرات مهمترین شهر و مرکز خراسان محسوب میشد و همواره مورد طمع ازبکان بود حتی چندبار این شهر به دست ازبکان افتاد. اما سلطه ازبکان بر این شهر به صورت کوتاه مدت بود و آنها از دورههای فترت در اوایل سلطنت شاه طهماسب اول و اوایل سلطنت سلطان محمد خدابنده و شاه عباس اول استفاده کردند و هر بار برای مدت کمی این شهر را در اشغال داشتند. پس از سقوط صفویان هرات مدتی در اشغال طایفهٔ ابدالی بود و به دست نادر شاه افشار افتاد. پس از مرگ نادر افغانها بر هرات مسلط شدند. در دوران معروف به بازی بزرگ ماموران بریتانیایی در هرات فعال بودند و از جدایی آن از حکومت ایران پشتیبانی میکردند. در ۱۲۴۹ ه.ق. عباس میرزا از سوی فتحعلی شاه قاجار مامور پس گرفتن هرات از افغانها شد[نیازمند منبع]. مرگ عباس میرزا در راه مشهد این کار را ناتمام گذاشت. محمد شاه قاجار نیز کوششی برای فتح هرات کرد که ناکام ماند. در زمان ناصرالدین شاه قاجار٬ دوست محمدخان، حاکم کابل و قندهار هرات را گرفت. نیروهای ناصرالدین شاه تحت فرمان حسامالسلطنه هرات را محاصره کردند و در سال ۱۲۷۳ این شهر را گرفتند. با مداخلات بریتانیا در جنوب ایران و بحرانی شدن روابط ایران و بریتانیا طی عهدنامهای که در ۱۲۷۳ ه.ق. (۱۸۵۷ میلادی) در پاریس بین نماینده ایران و سفیر بریتانیا امضا شد قرار شد که نیروهای بریتانیا از بنادر و جزایر جنوب ایران خارج شوند و در عوض ایران نیز سپاهیان خود را از هرات فراخواند و استقالال افغانستان را به رسمیت بشناسد[نیازمند منبع]. پس از جنگ هرات بسال ۱۲۴۹ ه .ق. قسمتهای از شرق هریرود به بعد (شامل هرات) به افغانستان ضميمه گرديد. در تاريخ معاصر افغانستان هرات از استبداد داخلی، تحجر، تعصب و تجاوزات خارجی بيش تر از ديگران رنج کشيد. هرات سراسر سده نوزدهم را در ميان کشمکشهای سرداران سدوزایی و محمدزایی و بازی بزرگ سپری نمود. [ویرایش] رسانههای تصویری ولایت هراتولایت هرات دارای چند رسانه تصویری محلی است: [ویرایش] رسانههای صوتی ولایت هرات[ویرایش] نشريه هاي چاپی ولایت هرات[ویرایش] مناطق تفریحی ولایت هراتنظرات شما عزیزان:
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